Extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation (EEPVI),in other words, circumferential PVI (CPVI) or PV antrum I (PVAI) has been established as a  cornerstone of AF ablation. The basis of its efficacy has been shown to be its impacts on the left  atrial (LA) substrates susceptible to the initiation and maintenance of AF as well as isolation  effect of AF triggers.